Hmm, where do you even start with debugging the Monochrome style of iPhone widgets running on macOS Sonoma. Is that behaviour documented anywhere?
That's better. I've fixed it by checking @Environment(\.widgetRenderingMode) and only setting colours including white/black in .fullColor mode. In other modes, like what Sonoma is using here, I'm sticking with the built-in primary and secondary styles.
Thanks to @adam to pointing me the right way.